Target species
Cattle, Sheep
Indications for use, specifying the target species
A broad-spectrum anthelmintic for use in the treatment and control of nematode infections. It should be used in cases of parasitic gastro-enteritis and lungworm disease caused by mature and developing immature forms of those organisms sensitive to treatment with Levamisole Hydrochloride. These include:
Haemonchus spp, Ostertagia spp (except inhibited Ostertagia larvae in cattle), Nematodirus spp, Trichostrongylus spp, Cooperia spp, Oesophagostomum spp, Chabertia spp, Bunostomum spp and Dictyocaulus spp.
Contraindications
Animals must not be treated within a period of 14 days before or after treatment with organophosphorus compounds.
Special Warnings for each target species
Care should be taken to avoid the following practices because they increase the risk of development of resistance and could ultimately result in ineffective therapy:
•Too frequent and repeated use of anthelmintics from the same class, over an extended period of time
•Underdosing, which may be due to underestimation of body weight, misadministration of the product, or lack of calibration of the dosing device (if any)
Suspected clinical cases of resistance to anthelmintics should be further investigated using appropriate tests (e.g. Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test). Where the results of the test(s) strongly suggest resistance to a particular anthelmintic, an anthelmintic belonging to another pharmacological class and having a different mode of action should be used.
Resistance to levamisole has been reported in Teladorsagia, Cooperia and Trichostrongylus species in sheep in a number of countries, including the EU. There are reports of resistance in Haemonchus in sheep outside the EU. Resistance to levamisole has been reported in Teladorsagia species in cattle in developed countries such as New Zealand. Therefore the use of this product should be based on local (regional, farm) epidemiological information about susceptibility of nematodes and recommendations on how to limit further selection for resistance to anthelmintics.
In cases of lungworm infection in cattle, coughing may persist for a considerable time following successful treatment with Levacide Low Volume. This is due to tissue damage caused by the parasites.
Special precautions for use
Special precautions for use in animals
For oral administration only
Care should be taken to estimate accurately the liveweight of animals to be treated. After treatment animals should be moved to clean pasture in order to prevent re-infection.
Veterinary advice should be sought:
•On appropriate dosing programmes and stock management to achieve adequate parasite control, and to reduce the likelihood of anthelmintic resistance developing.
•If the product does not achieve the desired clinical effect since other diseases, nutritional disturbances or anthelmintic resistance might be involved.
Special precautions to be taken by the person administering the veterinary medicinal product to animals
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. Wash splashes from eyes and skin immediately. If irritation persists seek medical advice. Remove any contaminated clothing immediately. Wash hands and exposed skin after handling this product and before meals.
Levamisole can cause idiosyncratic reactions and serious blood disorders in a very small number of people. If symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting or abdominal discomfort are experienced when using this product, or sore mouth, throat or fever occur shortly afterwards, then medical advice should be sought immediately.
Adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness)
None.
Use during pregnancy, lactation or lay
The product can be safely administered to pregnant or lactating animals however care should be taken when treating heavily pregnant animals and animals under stress from adverse weather conditions, poor nutrition, penning, handling etc.
Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Levamisole is not affected by benzimidazole resistance.
Amounts to be administered and administration route
Administer as an oral drench using a dosing gun system at a rate of 7.5 mg levamisole hydrochloride per kg bodyweight. Cattle should be dosed at a rate of 1 ml of product per 10 kg bodyweight and sheep at a rate of 0.5 ml per 5 kg bodyweight.
To ensure administration of a correct dose, bodyweight should be determined as accurately as possible; accuracy of the dosing device should be checked.
Do not mix with other products
Overdose (symptoms, emergency procedures, antidotes), if necessary
Safe for use in cattle and sheep at the recommended dosages. However, if recommended doses are exceeded animals may exhibit signs of impaired motor functions such as muscle tremors, head shaking and increased salivation, which are of a temporary nature.
Withdrawal period
Cattle may be slaughtered for human consumption only after 14 days from the last treatment. Sheep may be slaughtered for human consumption only after 21 days from the last treatment.
This product must not be used in cattle and sheep producing milk for human consumption.