Company name: Zoetis UK Limited
Address: 5th Floor
6 St Andrew Street
London EC4A 3AE
Telephone: 0845 300 8034
Fax: 01737 332521
Email: UKVetLine@zoetis.com
Website: www.zoetis.co.uk
Ketaset 100 mg/ml Solution for Injection
Company name: Zoetis UK Limited
Address: 5th Floor
6 St Andrew Street
London EC4A 3AE
Telephone: 0845 300 8034
Fax: 01737 332521
Email: UKVetLine@zoetis.com
Website: www.zoetis.co.uk
Ketaset is a colourless solution containing ketamine 100 mg/ml (equivalent to ketamine hydrochloride 115.36 mg/ml) with benzethonium chloride 0.01% as a preservative.
Ketaset is a dissociative anaesthetic agent for use by intramuscular, subcutaneous or intravenous injection.
Ketaset may be used as a sole agent for restraint and minor surgical procedures where muscle relaxation is not required in the domestic cat and sub-human primates.
Ketaset may also be used to induce anaesthesia:
1.in conjunction with butorphanol (Torbugesic™ Injection) and medetomidine (Domitor™) in the dog and cat,
2.in conjunction with xylazine in the dog, cat and horse,
3.in conjunction with detomidine (Domosedan™) in the horse,
4.in conjunction with romifidine (Sedivet™) in the horse.
It should be noted that dosage and routes of administration vary widely between species.
DOG
Xylazine/Ketaset
Dosage and administration: Administer xylazine (2% solution) at a dose rate of 0.5 ml/10 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 1 mg xylazine/kg) by intramuscular injection. Immediately administer Ketaset at a dose rate of 1.5 ml/10 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 15 mg ketamine/kg) by intramuscular injection.
Dogs become recumbent in approximately 3 minutes and lose their pedal reflex in approximately 7 minutes. Duration of anaesthesia is approximately 24 minutes, the pedal reflex returning about 31 minutes following administration of the Ketaset Injection.
Xylazine and Ketaset Canine Anaesthesia – (IM) | ||
Weight of dog in kg | Dose of *xylazine (2% soln) - ml | Dose of **Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
1 | 0.05 | 0.15 |
3 | 0.15 | 0.45 |
5 | 0.25 | 0.75 |
10 | 0.50 | 1.50 |
15 | 0.75 | 2.25 |
20 | 1.00 | 3.00 |
25 | 1.25 | 3.75 |
30 | 1.50 | 4.50 |
40 | 2.00 | 6.00 |
*Based on a dose rate of 1 mg xylazine/kg bodyweight | ||
**Based on a dose rate of 15 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight | ||
Medetomidine/Ketaset
Dosage and administration: Administer Domitor™ at a dose rate of 0.40 ml/10 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 40 μg medetomidine/kg) and Ketaset at 0.5–0.75 ml/10 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 5.0–7.5 mg ketamine/kg), depending on duration of anaesthesia required, by intramuscular injection.
Domitor and Ketaset may be combined and administered in the same syringe, however the vials should have separate needles inserted for withdrawal, to minimise the risk of cross contamination.
Loss of pedal reflex occurs approximately 11 minutes following injection at 5 mg/kg and 7 minutes following injection at 7.5 mg/kg. Duration of anaesthesia is approximately 30 and 50 minutes respectively.
Medetomidine and Ketaset Canine Anaesthesia – (IM) | ||
Dosage chart for 5 mg ketamine/kg (duration of anaesthesia approximately 30 minutes) | ||
Weight of dog (kg) | Dose of *Domitor (1 mg/ml) - ml | Dose of **Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
1 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
3 | 0.12 | 0.15 |
5 | 0.20 | 0.25 |
10 | 0.40 | 0.50 |
15 | 0.60 | 0.75 |
20 | 0.80 | 1.00 |
25 | 1.00 | 1.25 |
30 | 1.20 | 1.50 |
40 | 1.60 | 2.00 |
*Based on a dose rate of 40 μg medetomidine/kg bodyweight | ||
**Based on a dose rate of 5 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight | ||
NB It is NOT advisable to reverse this combination in the dog with atipamezole | ||
Medetomidine and Ketaset Canine Anaesthesia – (IM) | ||
Dosage chart for 7.5 mg ketamine/kg (duration of anaesthesia approximately 50 minutes) | ||
Weight of dog (kg) | Dose of *Domitor (1 mg/ml) - ml | Dose of **Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
1 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
3 | 0.12 | 0.23 |
5 | 0.20 | 0.38 |
10 | 0.40 | 0.75 |
15 | 0.60 | 1.13 |
20 | 0.80 | 1.50 |
25 | 1.00 | 1.88 |
30 | 1.20 | 2.25 |
40 | 1.60 | 3.00 |
*Based on a dose rate of 40 μg medetomidine/kg bodyweight | ||
**Based on a dose rate of 7.5 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight | ||
NB It is NOT advisable to reverse this combination in the dog with atipamezole | ||
Torbugesic/Medetomidine/Ketaset
Dosage and administration: Administer Torbugesic at 0.1 ml/10 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 0.1 mg butorphanol/kg) and Domitor at 0.25 ml/10 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 25 μg medetomidine/kg) by intramuscular injection.
Domitor and Torbugesic may be combined and administered in the same syringe. However, the vials should have separate needles inserted for withdrawal, to minimise the risk of cross contamination.
Dogs become recumbent in approximately 6 minutes and lose their pedal reflex in approximately 14 minutes.
Ketaset Injection should be administered 15 minutes following the first injection at a dose rate of 0.5 ml/10 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 5 mg ketamine/kg) by intramuscular injection.
The pedal reflex returns approximately 53 minutes following administration of the Ketaset Injection. Sternal recumbency is attained approximately 35 minutes later followed by standing a further 36 minutes later.
Torbugesic medetomidine and Ketaset Canine Anaesthesia – (IM) | ||
Weight of dog (kg) | Dose of *Torbugesic (10 mg/ml) - ml | Dose of **Domitor (1 mg/ml) - ml |
1 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
3 | 0.03 | 0.08 |
5 | 0.05 | 0.13 |
10 | 0.10 | 0.25 |
15 | 0.15 | 0.38 |
20 | 0.20 | 0.50 |
25 | 0.25 | 0.63 |
30 | 0.30 | 0.75 |
40 | 0.40 | 1.00 |
ADMINISTER TORBUGESIC & DOMITOR BY INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION AT THE ABOVE DOSE RATES | ||
WAIT 15 MINUTES BEFORE ADMINISTERING THE KETASET BY INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION AT THE DOSE RATES BELOW: | ||
Weight of dog (kg) | Dose of ***Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
|
1 | 0.05 |
|
3 | 0.15 |
|
5 | 0.25 |
|
10 | 0.50 |
|
15 | 0.75 |
|
20 | 1.00 |
|
25 | 1.25 |
|
30 | 1.50 |
|
40 | 2.00 |
|
*Based on a dose rate of 0.1 mg butorphanol/kg bodyweight | ||
**Based on a dose rate of 25 μg medetomidine/kg bodyweight | ||
***Based on a dose rate of 5 mg Ketamine/kg bodyweight | ||
NB It is NOT advisable to reverse this combination in the dog with atipamezole | ||
CAT
Ketaset as a sole agent
Dosage and administration: Ketaset on its own may be used by intravenous or subcutaneous injection, but intramuscular injection is the recommended route. The dose is 11–33 mg/kg depending on the degree of restraint or surgical interference that is intended.
The following dosages are indicated as a guide but may need to be adjusted depending on the physical condition of the patient and the usage of sedatives and premedicants.
Dose mg/kg | Clinical procedures |
11 (0.11 ml/kg) | Minor restraint |
22–33 (0.22–0.33 ml/kg) | Minor surgery and restraint of fractious cats |
Duration of Ketaset anaesthesia is 20–40 minutes and recovery takes place over a 1–4 hour period.
For major surgery, Ketaset should be used in conjunction with supplemental sedatives or anaesthetics. Dosage varies from 1.25–22 mg/kg (0.06–1.1 ml/5 kg) depending on the combination and route of administration used.
Vomiting is unlikely to occur when Ketaset is used alone, however cats should be starved for several hours prior to anaesthesia where possible. Induction and recovery should be allowed to occur in quiet and calm surroundings.
Ketaset – supplementary combinations in the cat
Atropine premedication is generally recommended at 0.05 mg/kg to reduce salivation. Endotracheal intubation can be achieved during Ketaset anaesthesia. Inhalation anaesthesia may be maintained by suitable combinations of methoxyflurane, halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen.
Acepromazine/Ketaset
Dosage and administration: Administer acepromazine (0.2% solution) at a dose rate of 0.28 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 0.11 mg acepromazine/kg) and atropine (0.06% solution) at a dose rate of 0.42 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 0.05 mg/kg) by intramuscular injection, as a premedicant to Ketaset at a dose rate of 1.1 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 22 mg ketamine/kg).
Alternatively, administer simultaneously with Ketaset using separate needles and syringes.
Xylazine/Ketaset
Dosage and administration: Administer xylazine (2% solution) at a dose rate of 0.28 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 1.1 mg xylazine/kg) and atropine (0.06% solution) at a dose rate of 0.25 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 0.03 mg atropine/kg) by intramuscular injection. Wait 20 minutes and then administer Ketaset at a dose rate of 1.1 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 22 mg ketamine/kg), by intramuscular injection.
Xylazine may induce vomiting up to 20 minutes after administration.
Onset of anaesthesia after intramuscular injection of Ketaset takes some 3–6 minutes.
A xylazine/Ketaset combination produces a deeper anaesthetic with more pronounced respiratory and cardiac effects and a longer recovery period than acepromazine/Ketaset combinations.
Xylazine and Ketaset Feline Anaesthesia – (IM) | ||
Weight of cat (kg) | Dose of *xylazine (2% soln) - ml | Dose of **atropine (600 μg/ml) - ml |
1.5 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
2 | 0.11 | 0.10 |
2.5 | 0.14 | 0.13 |
3 | 0.17 | 0.15 |
3.5 | 0.19 | 0.18 |
4 | 0.22 | 0.20 |
4.5 | 0.25 | 0.23 |
5 | 0.28 | 0.25 |
WAIT 20 MINUTES | ||
Weight of cat (kg) | Dose of ***Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
|
1.5 | 0.33 |
|
2 | 0.44 |
|
2.5 | 0.55 |
|
3 | 0.66 |
|
3.5 | 0.77 |
|
4 | 0.88 |
|
4.5 | 0.99 |
|
5 | 1.10 |
|
*Based on a dose rate of 1.1 mg xylazine/kg bodyweight | ||
**Based on a dose rate of 0.03 mg atropine/kg bodyweight | ||
***Based on a dose rate of 22 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight | ||
Medetomidine/Ketaset
Dosage and administration:
(a) Intramuscular Administer Domitor at a dose rate of 0.4 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 80 μg medetomidine/kg) by intramuscular injection. This should be followed immediately by the intramuscular injection of Ketaset at a dose rate of 0.12–0.38 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 2.5 mg up to a maximum of 7.5 mg ketamine/kg). Ketaset and medetomidine (in the form of Domitor) may be combined and administered in the same syringe, however the vials should have separate needles inserted for withdrawal to minimise the risk of cross contamination.
Onset of anaesthesia is 3–4 minutes. The duration of surgical anaesthesia varies between 30–60 minutes and is related to the dose of Ketaset used. If required, anaesthesia may be prolonged with halothane and oxygen with or without nitrous oxide.
Medetomidine and Ketaset Feline Anaesthesia – (IM) | ||
Weight of cat (kg) | Dose of *Domitor (1 mg/ml) - ml | Dose of Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
1.5 | 0.12 | 0.08 |
2 | 0.16 | 0.10 |
2.5 | 0.20 | 0.13 |
3 | 0.24 | 0.15 |
3.5 | 0.28 | 0.18 |
4 | 0.32 | 0.20 |
4.5 | 0.36 | 0.23 |
5 | 0.40 | 0.25 |
*Based on a dose rate of 80 μg medetomidine/kg bodyweight | ||
**Based on a dose rate of 5 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight | ||
(b) Intravenous Medetomidine and Ketaset may be administered together by intravenous injection at the following dose rates; Domitor at 0.20 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 40 μg medetomidine/kg) and Ketaset at 0.06 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 1.25 mg ketamine/kg).
Clinical experience has shown that when ketamine and medetomidine have been used intravenously in cats and the need for anaesthesia has passed, administration of Antisedan™ at a dose rate of 0.1 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 100 μg atipamezole/kg) by intramuscular injection results in recovery to sternal recumbency in approximately 10 minutes and to standing in approximately 14 minutes.
Medetomidine and Ketaset Feline Anaesthesia – (IV) | ||
Weight of cat (kg) | Dose of *Domitor (1 mg/ml) - ml | Dose of **Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
1.5 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
2 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
2.5 | 0.10 | 0.03 |
3 | 0.12 | 0.04 |
3.5 | 0.14 | 0.05 |
4 | 0.16 | 0.05 |
4.5 | 0.18 | 0.06 |
5 | 0.20 | 0.06 |
*Based on a dose rate of 40 μg medetomidine/kg bodyweight | ||
**Based on a dose rate of 1.25 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight Atropine is not normally necessary when using a medetomidine/Ketaset combination. Use of either insulin syringes or 1 ml graduated syringes is recommended to ensure accurate dosing. | ||
Torbugesic/Medetomidine/Ketaset
Dosage and administration
(a) Intramuscular
Administer Torbugesic at a dose rate of 0.20 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 0.4 mg butorphanol/kg), Domitor at a dose rate of 0.4 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 80 μg medetomidine/kg) and Ketaset at a dose rate of 0.25 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 5 mg ketamine/kg) by intramuscular injection.
Domitor, Torbugesic and Ketaset may be combined and administered in the same syringe. However, the vials should have separate needles inserted for withdrawal to minimise the risk of cross contamination.
Cats become recumbent in 2–3 minutes following injection. Loss of pedal reflex occurs 3 minutes post injection. At 45 minutes post induction, reversal with Antisedan at a dose rate of 0.2 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 200 μg atipamezole/kg) results in return of pedal reflex 2 minutes later, sternal recumbency 6 minutes later and standing 31 minutes later.
Torbugesic, medetomidine and Ketaset Feline Anaesthesia – (IM) |
| ||
Weight of cat (kg) | Dose of *Torbugesic (10 mg/ml) - ml | Dose of **Domitor (1 mg/ml) - ml | Dose of ***Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
1.5 | 0.06 | 0.12 | 0.08 |
2 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.10 |
2.5 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.13 |
3 | 0.12 | 0.24 | 0.15 |
3.5 | 0.14 | 0.28 | 0.18 |
4 | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.20 |
4.5 | 0.18 | 0.36 | 0.23 |
5 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.25 |
*Based on a dose rate of 0.4 mg butorphanol/kg bodyweight | |||
**Based on a dose rate of 80 μg medetomidine/kg bodyweight | |||
***Based on a dose rate of 5 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight | |||
(b) Intravenous
Administer Torbugesic at a dose rate of 0.05 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 0.1 mg butorphanol/kg), Domitor at a dose rate of 0.2 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 40 μg medetomidine/kg) and Ketaset, depending on depth of anaesthesia required, at a dose rate of 0.06–0.13 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 1.25–2.5 mg ketamine/kg) by intravenous injection.
Domitor, Torbugesic and Ketaset may be combined and administered in the same syringe. However, the vials should have separate needles inserted for withdrawal to minimise the risk of cross contamination.
Approximate time scales when using the triple combination intravenously. | ||
Ketaset* dose mg/kg | 1.25 | 2.5 |
Time to recumbency | 32 secs | 22 secs |
Time to loss of pedal reflex | 62 secs | 39 secs |
Time to return of pedal reflex | 26 min | 28 min |
Time to sternal recumbency | 54 min | 62 min |
Time to standing | 74 min | 83 min |
*In conjunction with butophanol at 0.1 mg/kg and medetomidine at 40 μg/kg | ||
Clinical experience has shown that reversal, at any stage, with Antisedan at a dose rate of 0.1 ml/5 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 100 μg atipamezole/kg) results in return of the pedal reflex 4 minutes later, sternal recumbency 7 minutes later and standing 18 minutes later.
Torbugesic medetomidine and Ketaset Feline Anaesthesia – (IV) | |||
Dosage chart for 2.5 mg ketamine/kg (duration of anaesthesia approximately 28 minutes) | |||
Weight of cat (kg) | Dose of *Torbugesic (10 mg/ml) - ml | Dose of **Domitor (1 mg/ml) - ml | Dose of ***Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
1.5 | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
2 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.05 |
2.5 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.06 |
3 | 0.03 | 0.12 | 0.08 |
3.5 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.09 |
4 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.10 |
4.5 | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.11 |
5 | 0.05 | 0.20 | 0.13 |
* Based on a dose rate of 0.1 mg butorphanol/kg bodyweight | |||
**Based on a dose rate of 40 μg medetomidine/kg bodyweight | |||
***Based on a dose rate of 2.5 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight | |||
HORSE
For the production of short term anaesthesia suitable for minor surgical interferences or for induction prior to inhalation anaesthesia. When romifidine or detomidine are used as the premedicant, anaesthesia may also be maintained with a ‘top-up’ combination of either romifidine and Ketaset or detomidine and Ketaset at regular 8-10 minute intervals. Ketaset should never be used as a sole anaesthetic agent.
It is generally accepted as good anaesthetic practice to starve animals for a period prior to anaesthesia where possible.
To achieve best results, it is important the horses are not stressed before the anaesthetic. It is equally important that the whole procedure, from induction to recovery, should take place in quiet and calm surroundings.
For horses that are stressed before the procedure, the use of 0.03 mg/kg acepromazine 45 minutes prior to administration of either detomidine (Domosedan) or romifidine (Sedivet), facilitates handling and placement of an intravenous catheter.
If the horse fails to become sedated following the injection of either xylazine, detomidine or romifidine, then Ketaset should not be injected and the anaesthetic procedure should be abandoned. The situation should be assessed to establish why the horse failed to respond, and then the environment and/or the drugs should be adjusted as necessary, before trying again the following day.
When using a total intravenous technique and for safe and effective use of a top-up regime, the use of an intravenous catheter is strongly advised.
During castration it has been noted that the use of 10 mls lidocaine divided between the testicles eliminates the possible response to ligation of the testicular cord and minimises the number of top-ups required.
Xylazine/Ketaset
Dosage and administration:Xylazine (10% solution) should be administered by slow intravenous injection at a dose rate of 1.1 ml/100 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 1.1 mg xylazine/kg). The horse should appear sedated by 2 minutes post injection. Injection of Ketaset should be administered at this stage. It is recommended not to delay the Ketaset injection longer than 5 minutes after xylazine administration. Ketaset should be administered as an intravenous bolus at a dose rate of 2.2 ml/100 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 2.2 mg ketamine/kg).
Induction and recumbency takes some 1–2 minutes. Muscle jerking may occur in the first minutes, but this usually subsides.
Anaesthesia is variable in duration, lasting between 10–30 minutes, but usually less than 20 minutes. Horses invariably stand 25–45 minutes after induction. Recovery is generally quiet, but may occur suddenly. It is important therefore that short duration interferences only are attempted, or arrangements to prolong anaesthesia are made. For longer periods of anaesthesia, intubation and maintenance by inhalation anaesthesia can be used.
Xylazine and Ketaset Equine Anaesthesia – (IV) | |||
Weight of horse (kg) | †Dose of *xylazine (10% soln) - ml | WAIT | Dose of **Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
50 | 0.60 | 2 mins | 1.10 |
100 | 1.10 | 2 mins | 2.20 |
150 | 1.70 | 2 mins | 3.30 |
200 | 2.20 | 2 mins | 4.40 |
250 | 2.80 | 2 mins | 5.50 |
300 | 3.30 | 2 mins | 6.60 |
400 | 4.40 | 2 mins | 8.80 |
500 | 5.50 | 2 mins | 11.00 |
600 | 6.60 | 2 mins | 13.20 |
†Administer xylazine, wait 2 minutes before administering Ketaset | |||
*Based on a dose rate of 1.1 mg xylazine/kg bodyweight | |||
**Based on a dose rate of 2.2 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight | |||
Detomidine/Ketaset
Dosage and administration: Domosedan™ should be administered by intravenous injection at a dose rate of 0.2 ml/100 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 20 μg detomidine/kg). The horse should appear sedated by five minutes post injection. At this stage Ketaset should be administered at a dose rate of 2.2 ml/100 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 2.2 mg ketamine/kg) as an intravenous bolus.
Onset of anaesthesia is gradual; most horses take approximately 1 minute to become recumbent. Large, fit horses may take up to 3 minutes for recumbency. Anaesthesia continues to deepen for a further 1–2 minutes and during this time the horse should be left quietly.
Horses regain sternal recumbency approximately 20 minutes post Ketaset injection giving a surgical anaesthesia duration of 10–15 minutes.
Maintenance of surgical anaesthesia: Should it become necessary to prolong anaesthesia, either of the following regimes may be used:
i)Thiopental sodium
Thiopental sodium may be administered intravenously in boluses of 1mg/kg as required. Total doses of 5 mg/kg (five 1 mg/kg increments) have been given. Total doses greater than this may reduce the quality of recovery. Thiopental sodium can also be administered in increments if sufficient depth of anaesthesia is not achieved. The horse may be ataxic if encouraged to stand prematurely and so should be left to stand in its own time.
ii)Domosedan/Ketaset
Administer 10 μg detomidine/kg (0.1 ml Domosedan/100kg bodyweight i.e. 1/2 the initial premedication dose) by intravenous injection, followed immediately by 1.1 mg ketamine/kg (1.1 ml Ketaset/100 kg bodyweight i.e. 1/2 the initial induction dose) by intravenous injection. This will provide approximately 10 minutes additional surgical anaesthesia, which can be repeated at regular 10 minute intervals (up to 5 times) without compromising recovery.
Detomidine and Ketaset Equine Anaesthesia – (IV) Premedication and induction of anaesthesia | |||
Weight of horse (kg) | †Dose of *Domosedan (10 mg/ml)) - ml | WAIT | Dose of **Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
50 | 0.10 | 5 mins | 1.10 |
100 | 0.20 | 5 mins | 2.20 |
150 | 0.30 | 5 mins | 3.30 |
200 | 0.40 | 5 mins | 4.40 |
250 | 0.50 | 5 mins | 5.50 |
300 | 0.60 | 5 mins | 6.60 |
400 | 0.80 | 5 mins | 8.80 |
500 | 1.00 | 5 mins | 11.00 |
600 | 1.20 | 5 mins | 13.20 |
†Induction - administer Domesedan IV, wait 5 minutes before administering Ketaset IV | |||
*Based on a dose rate of 20 μg detomidine/kg bodyweight | |||
**Based on a dose rate of 2.2 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight | |||
|
|
|
|
Top-up (Maintenance) dose at 10 minute intervals | |||
Weight of horse (kg) | Dose of *Domesedan (10 mg/ml) - ml | Dose of **Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
|
50 | 0.05 | 0.55 |
|
100 | 0.1 | 1.1 |
|
150 | 0.15 | 1.65 |
|
200 | 0.2 | 2.2 |
|
250 | 0.25 | 2.75 |
|
300 | 0.3 | 3.3 |
|
400 | 0.4 | 4.4 |
|
500 | 0.5 | 5.5 |
|
600 | 0.6 | 6.6 |
|
Maintenance - administer Domesedan IV, immediately followed by Ketaset IV | |||
*Based on a dose rate of 10 μg detomidine/kg bodyweight | |||
**Based on a dose rate of 1.1 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight | |||
Romifidine/Ketaset
Dosage and administration
Sedivet™ should be administered by intravenous injection at a dose rate of 1 ml/100 kg bodyweight (equivalent to 100 μg romifidine/kg). The horse should appear sedated by five to ten minutes post injection. At this stage Ketaset should be administered at a dose rate of 2.2 ml/100 kg (equivalent to 2.2 mg ketamine/kg) as an intravenous bolus. Sedation should be apparent before the induction of anaesthesia.
Maintenance of surgical anaesthesia: Should it become necessary to prolong anaesthesia, either of the following regimes may be used:
i)Thiopental sodium
Thiopental sodium may be administered intravenously in boluses of 2.5 mg/kg when signs of returning consciousness appear. This can be repeated up to 3 times after induction. Total doses greater than this may reduce the quality of recovery. The horse may be ataxic if encouraged to stand prematurely and so should be left to stand in its own time.
ii)Sedivet/Ketaset
Depending on depth and duration of anaesthesia required, administer romifidine intravenously within the dose range of 25-50 μg/kg (0.25-0.50 ml Sedivet/100 kg bodyweight i.e. 1/4-1/2 the initial premedication dose) followed immediately by ketamine intravenously at a dose rate of 1.1 mg/kg (1.1 ml Ketaset/100kg bodyweight i.e. 1/2 the initial induction dose). Each top-up lasts approximately 8-10 minutes and can be repeated at regular 8-10 minute intervals (up to 5 times) without compromising recovery.
Romifidine and Ketaset Equine Anaesthesia – (IV) Premedication and Induction of Anaesthesia | |||
Weight of horse (kg) | †Dose of *Sedivet (10 mg/ml) - ml | WAIT | Dose of **Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
50 | 0.50 | 5–10 mins | 1.10 |
100 | 1.00 | 5–10 mins | 2.20 |
150 | 1.50 | 5–10 mins | 3.30 |
200 | 2.00 | 5–10 mins | 4.40 |
250 | 2.50 | 5–10 mins | 5.50 |
300 | 3.00 | 5–10 mins | 6.60 |
400 | 4.00 | 5–10 mins | 8.80 |
500 | 5.00 | 5–10 mins | 11.00 |
600 | 6.00 | 5–10 mins | 13.20 |
†Induction - Administer Sedivet IV, wait 5-10 minutes before administering Ketaset | |||
*Based on a dose rate of 100 μg romifidine/kg bodyweight | |||
**Based on a dose rate of 2.2 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight | |||
|
|
|
|
Top-up (Maintenance) dose at 8-10 minute intervals | |||
Weight of horse (kg) | Dose of *Sedivet (10 mg/ml) - ml | Dose of **Ketaset (100 mg/ml) - ml |
|
50 | 0.25 | 0.55 |
|
100 | 0.5 | 1.1 |
|
150 | 0.75 | 1.65 |
|
200 | 1 | 2.2 |
|
250 | 1.25 | 2.75 |
|
300 | 1.5 | 3.3 |
|
400 | 2 | 4.4 |
|
500 | 2.5 | 5.5 |
|
600 | 3 | 6.6 |
|
Maintenance - administer Sedivet IV immediately followed by Ketaset IV | |||
*Based on a dose rate of 50 μg romifidine/kg bodyweight | |||
**Based on a dose rate of 1.1 mg ketamine/kg bodyweight | |||
SUB-HUMAN PRIMATES
The usual therapeutic dose for restraint and minor surgical procedures in primates is 3–15 mg/kg administered intramuscularly. Ketaset (11 mg/kg or 1.1 ml/10 kg) and acepromazine (0.55 mg/kg or 2.8 ml/10 kg) administered intramuscularly to rhesus monkeys results in a smooth induction with anaesthesia attained in less than 5 minutes. The average duration of anaesthesia is just under one hour. Information on dosage rates for individual species can be obtained from Pfizer Limited.
Contra-indications, warnings, etc
Before using any combinations consult the contra-indications and warnings that appear on the other products’ data sheets.
Operator warnings
This is a potent drug – particular care should be taken to avoid accidental self-administration. Preferably use a guarded needle until the moment of injection.
Wash off splashes from the skin and eyes immediately.
In the event of accidental self-administration – seek urgent medical attention and show this datasheet to the doctor.
Advice to doctor: Do not leave patient unattended. Maintain airways and give symptomatic and supportive treatment.
General
Ketaset is metabolised by the liver and excreted via the kidney and hence should not be used in animals with hepatic or renal failure.
A small proportion of animals has been reported to be unresponsive to Ketaset as an anaesthetic agent at normal doses.
Care should be taken when using Ketaset-halothane combinations, since the half-life of ketamine is prolonged.
DOG
Xylazine should not be used in the latter stages of pregnancy. Medetomidine is not recommended in pregnant animals. Use of premedicants should be followed by a suitable reduction in Ketaset dosage. In the dog, the eyes remain open and pupils dilated. The eyes may be protected by covering with a damp gauze swab.
Torbugesic/medetomidine/Ketaset combination
Consult the contra-indications that appear on the Torbugesic Injection and Domitor data sheets. There may be some pain on intramuscular injection.
CAT
Xylazine should not be used in the latter stages of pregnancy. Medetomidine is not recommended in pregnant cats. Use of premedicants should be followed by a suitable reduction in Ketaset dosage. Ketaset may cause salivation in cats. Atropine premedication may reduce this side affect. Muscular twitching and mild tonic convulsions have been recorded in the cat at recommended dose rates. These subside spontaneously but may be prevented by use of acepromazine or xylazine premedication, or controlled by use of acepromazine or ultra short-acting barbiturates in low doses. In the cat, the eyes remain open and pupils dilated. The eyes may be protected by covering with a damp gauze swab.
Torbugesic/medetomidine/Ketaset combination
Consult the contra-indications that appear on the Torbugesic Injection and Domitor data sheets. There may be some pain on intramuscular injection.
HORSE
Do not use Ketaset as a sole agent in the horse. Xylazine should not be used in the latter stages of pregnancy. Detomidine should not be used in the last month of pregnancy. Romifidine should not be used in the last month of pregnancy. Not to be used in animals intended for human consumption. Treated horses must never be slaughtered for human consumption. The horse must have been declared as not intended for human consumption under national horse passport legislation.
In some horses, a mild, reversible heart block has been observed following premedication with detomidine.
Compulsory hazard warnings
Overdosage: If necessary, suitable artificial aids to maintain ventilation and cardiac output should be used until sufficient detoxification has taken place to enable a return to adequate spontaneous ventilation and cardiac activity. Pharmacological cardiac stimulants are not recommended, unless no other supportive measures are available.
Do not store above 25°C. Keep container in outer carton. Protect from light.
Following withdrawal of the first dose, use the product within 28 days. When the container is broached (opened) for the first time, using the in-use shelf-life which is specified on this datasheet, the date on which any product remaining in the carton should be discarded should be worked out. This discard date should be written in the space provided. Discard unused material.
Ketaset must not be mixed with other products, with the exception of Domitor and Torbugesic.
Dispose of any unused product or containers in accordance with guidance from your local waste regulation authority.
Keep out of reach and sight of children.
For animal treatment only.
Ketaset induces a state of catalepsy with amnesia and analgesia; muscle tone is maintained including the pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes. The heart rate, blood pressure and cardiac output are increased; respiratory depression is not a noticeable feature. All these characteristics may be modified if Ketaset is used in combination with other agents.
Ketaset has been used in conjunction with xylazine in the donkey (Fisher R J, 1984 E.V.J. 16(3) 176–179) and in mules (data on file) at the same dosages and route as the horse.
Further data on the use of ketamine in primates is available in the following reference: Booth and McDonald 1988 Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 6th Edition, Published Ames lowa State University Press 255–256.