Each ml contains:

Active substance:

Enrofloxacin 100 mg

List of excipients

Potassium hydroxide

n-Butanol

Purified water

Pharmacotherapeutic group: Fluoroquinolone.

ATCvet code: QJ01MA90

Mode of action

Two enzymes essential in DNA replication and transcription, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, have been identified as the molecular targets of floroquinolones. They modulate the topological state of DNA through cleaving and resealing reactions. Initially, both strands of the DNA double helix are cleaved. Then, a distant segment of DNA is passed through this brek before the strands are resealed. Target inhibition is caused by non-covalent binding of fluroquinolone molecules to an intermediate state in this sequence of reactions, in which DNA is cleaved, but both strands are retained covalently attached to the enzymes. Replication forks and translational complexes cannot proceed beyond such enzyme-DNA-fluroquinolone, and inhibition of DNA and mRNA synthesis triggers events resulting in a rapid, drug concentration-dependent killing of pathogenic bacteria.

Antibacterial spectrum

Enrofloxacin is active against many Gram-negative bacteria, against Gram-positive bacteria and Mycoplasma spp

In vitro susceptibility has been shown in strains of (i) Gram-negative species such as Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida and Avibacterium (Haemophilus) paragallinarum and (ii) Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae.

Types and mechanisms of resistance

Resistance to fluoroquinolones has been reported to arise from five sources, (i) point mutations in the genes encoding for DNA gyrase and/or topoisomerase IV leading to alterations of the respective enzyme, (ii) alterations of drug permeability in Gram-negative bacteria, (iii) efflux mechanisms, (iv) plasmid mediated resistance and (v) gyrase protecting proteins. All mechanisms lead to a reduced susceptiblity of the bacteria to fluoroquinolones. Cross-resistance within the fluoroquinolone class of antimicrobials is common.

The pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin are such that oral and parenteral administration leads to similar serum levels. Enrofloxacin possesses a high distribution volume. Tissue levels 2-3 times higher than that found in the serum, have been demonstrated in laboratory animals and target species. Organs in which high levels can be expected are the lungs, liver, kidney, skin, bone and lymphatic system. Enrofloxacin also distributes into the cerebrospinal fluid and the aqueous humour.

The degree of metabolism depends on the species and ranges between 50-60%. Biotransformation at hepatic level of enrofloxacin results in the active metabolite, ciprofloxacin. In general, metabolism is by hydroxylation and oxidation processes.

Excretion occurs by biliary and renal route, with excretion in the urine predominating.

Potassium hydroxide

n-Butanol

Purified water

Do not mix with any other veterinary medicinal product.

Shelf-life of the veterinary medicinal product as packaged for sale: 2 years

Shelf-life after first opening the immediate packaging: 3 months.

Shelf life after dilution according to directions: 24 hours.

This veterinary medicinal product does not require any special temperature storage conditions.

Keep the bottle tightly closed.

The product is filled in 100 ml and 1 L high-density polyethylene bottles and 5 L high-density polyethylene barrels closed with a tamper-evident screw cap of the same material.

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

Any unused veterinary medicinal product or waste materials derived from such veterinary medicinal product should be disposed of in accordance with local requirements.

Chickens and Turkeys

Treatment of infections caused by the following bacteria susceptible to enrofloxacin:

Do not use for prophylaxis.

Do not use in case of hypersensitivity to the active substance or to any of the excipients.

Do not use in cases of confirmed, or suspected, resistance to quinolones.

Do not use in birds producing eggs for human consumption.

Treatment of Mycoplasma spp infections may not eradicate the organism.

Before use, header tanks should be emptied, thoroughly cleaned and then filled with a known volume of clean water before adding the required amount of the veterinary medicinal product. The resulting mixture should be stirred.

Official and local antimicrobial policies should be taken into account when the product is used.

Fluoroquinolones should be reserved for the treatment of clinical conditions which have responded poorly, or are expected to respond poorly, to other classes of antimicrobials.

Whenever possible, fluoroquinolones should only be used based on susceptibility testing.

Use of product deviating from the instructions given in the SPC may increase the prevalence of bacteria resistant to fluoroquinolones and may decrease the effectiveness of treatment with other quinolones due to the potential for cross resistance.

Before use, header tanks should be inspected at regular intervals for presence of dust, algae formation and sedimentation

If there is no clinical improvement within two to three days susceptibility testing should be repeated and therapy should be changed, if appropriate.

This product is an alkaline solution; personal protective equipment, including impervious gloves, should be worn when handling the product.

Direct contact with the skin should be avoided because of sensitisation, contact dermatitis and possible hypersensitivity reactions.

In the event of eye or skin contact, rinse the affected area with clean water and if irritation occurs, seek medical attention.

People with known hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones should avoid contact with the product.

Wash hands and exposed skin after use.

Do not eat, drink or smoke whilst using the product.

None

Do not use in laying birds producing eggs for human consumption.

Do not administer to layer replacement birds within 14 days of coming into lay.

Concurrent use of enrofloxacin with other antimicrobials, tetracyclines and macrolide antibiotics, may result in antagonistic effects.

Absorption of enrofloxacin may be reduced if the product is administered together with substances containing magnesium or aluminium.

Do not combine enrofloxacin with steroidal anti-inflammatory products.

For oral administration via the drinking water. This may be put directly into the header tanks, or via water proportioner systems.

10 mg of the active ingredient per kg live bodyweight per day, corresponding to 50 ml of product per 100 litres water.

Treatment for 3-5 consecutive days; for 5 consecutive days in mixed infections and chronic progressive forms. If no clinical improvement is achieved within 2-3 days, alternative antimicrobial therapy should be considered based on susceptibility testing.

Medication of the water supply should be continuous during the treatment period and no other source of water should be available.

Medicated water should be made every day, immediately prior to provision. Carefully calculate the total body mass to be treated and the total daily water consumption before each treatment.

The uptake of medicated water depends on age and clinical condition of the birds, ambient temperature, and light regime. In order to obtain the correct dosage the concentration of the product should be adjusted accordingly. Taking into consideration that 10 mg enrofloxacin per kg body weight corresponds to 0.1 ml of the product per kg body weight; the following calculation should be made to provide the required amount of the product per litre of drinking water:

0.1 XAverage bodyweight of birds to be treated (kg)XNumber of birds

=ml product per litre of drinking water

Total water consumption (l) of the flock at the previous day

Care should be taken that the intended dose is completely ingested.

Use appropriate and properly calibrated dosing equipment.

No adverse clinical symptoms were observed in chickens and turkeys treated respectively with doses up to 10 and 6 times higher than the therapy dose. The use of fluoroquinolones during the growth phase combined with a marked and prolonged increase in the intake of drinking water, and hence active ingredient, possibly due to high temperatures, may potentially be associated with damage of the articular cartilage.

Chickens (meat and offal): 7 days

Turkeys (meat and offal): 13 days

Not authorised for use in laying birds producing eggs for human consumption.

LABORATORIOS HIPRA, S.A.

Avda. La Selva, 135

17170- AMER (Girona) SPAIN

Tel. +34 972 430660

Fax. +34 972 430661

E-mail: hipra@hipra.com

09.01.13

May 2016.

Nil