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Clinical particulars
Target Species
Dogs.
Indications for use
For active immunisation of dogs to prevent mortality and clinical signs caused by canine distemper virus infection. To reduce clinical signs of infectious hepatitis and viral excretion due to canine adenovirus type 1 infection. To prevent mortality, clinical signs and viral excretion following canine parvovirus infection. To reduce clinical signs and viral excretion caused by canine parainfluenza virus infection and to reduce clinical signs of respiratory disease and viral excretion following adenovirus type 2 infection.
Onset of immunity:
Canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus vaccine components: 1 week
Canine parainfluenza virus vaccine component: 4 weeks.
Duration of immunity:
Canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus vaccine components: 3 years.
The duration of immunity for the canine parainfluenza virus component has not been demonstrated, but an anamnestic response is produced in dogs given a revaccination one year after basic vaccination. Annual revaccination with the canine parainfluenza virus vaccine component is recommended.
Contraindications
None.
Special warnings for each target species
Vaccinate healthy animals only.
The vaccine may not be effective in dogs incubating the disease at the time of vaccination.
A good immune response is reliant on the reaction of an immunogenic agent and a fully competent immune system. Immunocompetence of the animal may be compromised by a variety of factors including poor health, nutritional status, genetic factors, concurrent drug therapy and stress.
The immunogenicity of the vaccine antigen will be reduced by poor storage or inappropriate administration. The vaccine has been proved to be of benefit against virulent challenge in the presence of maternal antibody levels to CDV, CAV2, CPV and CPi that are likely to be encountered under field conditions.
Experience has shown that the maternal antibody status of pups within a litter varies greatly, and reliance should not be placed on serological examination of the bitch alone.
Special precautions for use
Animals that have received a corresponding anti-serum or immunosuppressive drugs should not be vaccinated until an interval of at least 4 weeks has elapsed.
Vaccinated dogs may excrete the parvovirus vaccine strain at very low levels up to 8 days following vaccination. However, there is no evidence of any reversion to virulence of the vaccine strain and therefore no need to separate unvaccinated dogs from contact with recently vaccinated dogs.
Operator warnings
In the case of accidental self-injection, seek medical advice immediately and show the package leaflet or the label to the physician.
Adverse Reactions
A small transient swelling at the site of injection (≤ 5 cm), which can occasionally be firm and painful on palpation, has been reported in very rare cases. Any such swelling will either have disappeared or be clearly diminished by 14 days post-vaccination.
A transient rise in body temperature has been observed after vaccination in very rare cases.
A transient acute hypersensitivity reaction – with signs that may include lethargy, facial oedema, pruritus, vomiting or diarrhoea – may occur shortly after vaccination in very rare cases. Such reaction may evolve to a more severe condition (anaphylaxis), which may be life-threatening with additional signs like ataxia, dyspnoea, tremor and collapse. If such reactions occur, appropriate treatment is recommended.
The frequency of adverse reactions is defined using the following convention:
- very common (more than 1 in 10 animals treated displaying adverse reaction(s))
- common (more than 1 but less than 10 animals in 100 animals treated)
- uncommon (more than 1 but less than 10 animals in 1,000 animals treated)
- rare (more than 1 but less than 10 animals in 10,000 animals treated)
- very rare (less than 1 animal in 10,000 animals, including isolated reports).
Use during pregnancy or lactation
Can be used in pregnant bitches which have previously been vaccinated with the CDV (strain Onderstepoort), CAV2 (strain Manhattan LPV3), CPV (strain 154) and CPi (strain Cornell) antigens included in the Nobivac vaccine range.
Interactions
Safety and efficacy data (viral excretion) are available which demonstrate that this vaccine can be mixed and administered with the inactivated vaccines in the Nobivac range against canine leptospirosis caused by all or some of the following serovars: L. interrogans serogroup Canicola serovar Canicola, L. interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Copenhageni, L. interrogans serogroup Australis serovar Bratislava, and L. kirschneri serogroup Grippotyphosa serovar Bananal/Liangguang.
The product information of the relevant Nobivac vaccines should be consulted before administration of the mixed product. When mixed with Nobivac leptospirosis vaccines at annual revaccination, it has been established that there is no interference with the anamnestic response induced by the injectable canine parainfluenza virus component.
After administration with one of the leptospirosis vaccines, a mild and transient increase in body temperature (≤ 1 °C) may occur for a few days after vaccination, with some pups showing less activity and/or a reduced appetite. A small transient swelling (≤ 4 cm), which can occasionally be firm and painful on palpation, may be observed at the site of injection. Any such swelling will either have disappeared or be clearly diminished by 14 days post-vaccination.
After mixed administration of an overdose of Nobivac DHPPi and an overdose of the leptospirosis vaccines in the Nobivac range, transient local reactions such as diffuse to firm swellings from 1 to 5 cm in diameter may be observed, usually these will persist no longer than 5 weeks, however some may take a little longer to completely disappear.
Safety data and efficacy data for the canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus components of this vaccine are available which demonstrate that this vaccine can be administered at the same time but not mixed with the inactivated vaccine of the Nobivac range against Bordetella bronchiseptica.
When this vaccine is administered in association with the inactivated vaccine in the Nobivac range against Bordetella bronchiseptica, the demonstrated antibody response data for the live canine parainfluenza component of this vaccine are the same as when this vaccine is administered alone.
When Nobivac DHPPi is used with any of the other Nobivac vaccines referred to above, the minimum vaccination age for each vaccine must be taken into account such that at the time of vaccination, the dogs are at or older than the oldest minimum vaccination age for the individual vaccines.
Safety and efficacy data are available which demonstrate that this vaccine can also be administered on the same day with Nobivac Solvent or Nobivac Rabies. These can be used to reconstitute the freeze-dried Nobivac DHPPi.
No information is available on the compatibility of this vaccine when used with any other veterinary medicinal product except the products mentioned above. A decision to use this vaccine before or after any other veterinary medicinal product therefore needs to be made on a case by case basis.
Amounts to be administered and administration route
Reconstitute the vaccine with 1 ml solvent or 1 ml (1 dose) of the inactivated vaccines listed in the section above.
Subcutaneous use.
Avoid contamination of vaccine with traces of chemical sterilising agents. Do not use chemicals such as disinfectant or spirit to disinfect the skin prior to inoculation.
Maternal antibodies can negatively interfere with the efficacy of a vaccine. Strict adherence to the vaccination programme is therefore recommended.
Vaccination programme:
Primary vaccination course:
A single injection should establish active immunity to canine distemper, infectious canine hepatitis and disease caused by canine parvovirus infection in dogs of 10 weeks of age or older.
Where earlier protection is required a first dose may be given to puppies from 6 weeks of age, but because maternally derived passive antibody can interfere with the response to vaccination a final dose at 10 weeks of age or older is generally recommended.
For an optimal response to the parainfluenza component, animals should be vaccinated twice, 2 – 4 weeks apart with the final vaccination at 10 weeks of age or more.
If the initial primary course dose of Nobivac DHPPi is delayed to 10 weeks of age or older, a single dose of Nobivac Pi at 12 weeks of age or older should suffice to establish immunity for this component.
Booster vaccination:
It is recommended that dogs be revaccinated with canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus every 3 years and against canine parainfluenza virus every year.
It was not possible to produce clinical signs of kennel cough by parainfluenza challenge in adult dogs and duration of immunity could not therefore be demonstrated, but an anamnestic response was seen in dogs given a booster one year after primary vaccination. Revaccination against parainfluenza is recommended prior to exposure to high risk environments (such as kennelling, showing or mixing with dogs of unknown vaccination history).
Overdose
No effects other than those indicated in section 'Adverse reactions'. In some dogs the swelling may be more painful or may be observed for a longer period.
Withdrawal period
Not applicable.