metadata toggle
Clinical particulars
Target species
Pigs (weaned piglets), pre-ruminant calves, chickens (broilers) and rabbits.
Indications for use, specifying the target species
Pigs (weaned piglets):
Treatment of bacterial enteritis caused by Escherichia coli susceptible to apramycin.
Pre-ruminant calves:
Treatment of bacterial enteritis caused by Escherichia coli and clinical outbreaks due to Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin (Salmonella Dublin) susceptible to apramycin. Treatment should be based on prior confirmation of the Salmonella serovars involved or at least the availability of epidemiological data confirming the presence of this serovar.
Chickens:
Treatment of colibacillosis caused by Escherichia coli susceptible to apramycin.
Rabbits:
Treatment and metaphylaxis of bacterial enteritis caused by Escherichia coli susceptible to apramycin. The presence of the disease in the herd must be established before the product is used.
Contraindications
Do not use in case of hypersensitivity to apramycin.
Do not use in calves with functional rumen.
Do not use in animals suffering from kidney disorders.
Special warnings for each target species
None.
Special precautions for use
Special precautions for use in animals
Use of the veterinary medicinal product should be based on susceptibility testing of the bacteria isolated from the animal. If this is not possible, therapy should be based on local (regional, farm level) epidemiological information about susceptibility of the target bacteria.
Where a diagnosis of Salmonella Dublin is made on the farm, then control measures including on-going monitoring of disease status, vaccination, biosecurity and movement controls should be considered. National control programmes should be followed where available.
Use of the veterinary medicinal product deviating from the instructions given in the Summary of Product Characteristics may increase the prevalence of bacteria resistant to the apramycin and may decrease the effectiveness of treatment with aminoglycosides due to the potential for cross-resistance.
Official, national and regional antimicrobial policies should be taken into account when the veterinary medicinal product is used.
Special precautions to be taken by the person administering the veterinary medicinal product to animals
People with known hypersensitivity to apramycin or any other aminoglycoside should avoid contact with the product.
This product may cause irritation or sensitisation after skin or eye contact or inhalation.
Avoid contact with the eyes, skin and mucous membranes and inhalation of dust while preparing the medicated water/milk.
Use personal protective equipment consisting of gloves, mask, goggles and protective clothing while handling the product.
Wash hands after use.
In case of eye contact, rinse the affected area with plenty of water. In case of skin contact, wash thoroughly with soap and water. If irritation persists, seek medical advice.
In the case of accidental ingestion, seek medical advice immediately and show the package leaflet or the label to the physician.
In case of onset of symptoms after exposure such as skin rash, seek medical advice immediately and show the package leaflet or the label to the physician. Swelling of the face, lips and eyes or difficult breathing are more serious symptoms and require urgent medical assistance.
Adverse reactions (frequency and seriousness)
None known.
Use during pregnancy, lactation or lay
Pigs:
The safety of the veterinary medicinal product has not been established during pregnancy and lactation in sows. Use only accordingly to the benefit-risk assessment by the responsible veterinarian.
Cattle:
The use is not intended during pregnancy or lactation.
Rabbits:
Oral doses of apramycin administered from 6th to the 18th day of pregnancy (including doses below the therapeutic doses), have shown evidence of foetotoxic effects. Do not use during pregnancy.
Chickens:
Do not use in laying hens and within 4 weeks before the onset of the laying period.
Interaction with other medicinal products and other forms of interaction
Aminoglycosides may have a negative influence on the kidney function. The administration of aminoglycosides to animals suffering from renal impairment or in combination with substances that also affect renal function may therefore present a risk of intoxication.
Aminoglycosides may cause neuromuscular blockade. It is therefore recommended to take such an effect into account when anaesthetising treated animals.
Amounts to be administered and administration route
Administration route:
To be administered via the drinking water. Drinking systems should be clean and free of rust to avoid reduction of activity.
In the case of calves it can be administered in milk or milk replacer.
Amounts to be administered:
Pigs:
Administer 12,500 IU apramycin sulfate per kilogram of bodyweight (corresponding to 22.5 mg of product/kg bw), daily for 7 consecutive days.
Calves:
Administer 40,000 IU apramycin sulfate per kilogram of bodyweight (corresponding to 72 mg of product/kg bw), daily for 5 consecutive days.
Chickens:
Administer 80,000 IU apramycin sulfate per kilogram of bodyweight (corresponding to 144 mg of product/kg bw), daily for 5 consecutive days.
Rabbits:
Administer 20,000 IU apramycin sulfate per kilogram of bodyweight (corresponding to 36 mg of product/kg bw), daily for 5 consecutive days.
The intake of medicated water depends on the clinical condition of the animals. In order to obtain the correct dose, the concentration of the veterinary medicinal product has to be adjusted accordingly.
The weight of the animals should be determined as accurately as possible to avoid underdose.
Medicated water should be the only source of drinking. Medicated water must be renewed every 24 hours.
Medicated reconstituted milk replacer should be prepared immediately before use. Milk replacer should not exceed 40°C when the powder is introduced.
Animals with acute or severe clinical conditions that cannot drink, should receive adequate parenteral treatment.
The amount of product (mg) to be incorporated per 1 litre of water or milk should be established according to the following formula: (See Formula A)
Dose (mg product per kg bodyweight per day x Mean bodyweight (kg) of animals to be treated
= mg product per litre of drinking water/milk
Average daily water intake (1/animal)
[Apralan Soluble Powder equation]
Apralan Soluble Formula A
Overdose (symptoms, emergency procedures, antidotes), if necessary
Pigs: Pigs have been given up to nine times the recommended use level in their drinking water for 28 days with no untoward reaction.
Calves: Calves were given apramycin in milk replacer daily for five days, at doses up to 120 mg/kg of bodyweight. There was no toxic effect.
Chicken: There was no mortality when chickens were given a single oral dose of 1,000 mg/kg of bodyweight. Chickens were up to 5 times the recommended level for 15 days with no untoward reaction.
Possible intoxications can be recognised by the following symptoms: soft faeces, diarrhoea, vomiting (weight loss, anorexia, and similar), renal impairment and effects on the central nervous system (reduced activity, loss of reflexes, convulsions, etc.). Do not exceed the recommended dose.
Withdrawal Period(s)
Pigs: Meat and offal: Zero days.
Calves: Meat and offal: 28 days.
Chickens:
Meat and offal: Zero days.
Not for use in birds producing or intended to produce eggs for human consumption. Do not use within 4 weeks of the start of the laying period.
Rabbits: Meat and offal: Zero days.