Target Species
Cattle (pregnant cows and heifers).
Indications for use
For the active immunisation of pregnant cows and heifers to raise antibodies against E. coli adhesins F5 (K99) and F41, rotavirus and coronavirus. While calves are fed colostrum from vaccinated cows during the first two to four weeks of life, these antibodies have been demonstrated to:
- reduce the severity of diarrhoea caused by E. coli F5 (K99) and F41
- reduce the incidence of scours caused by rotavirus
- reduce the shedding of virus by calves infected with rotavirus or coronavirus.
Onset of Immunity: Passive protection against all active substances will commence from the start of colostrum feeding.
Duration of Immunity: In calves artificially fed with pooled colostrum, protection will continue until colostrum feeding ceases. In naturally suckled calves, protection against rotavirus will persist for at least 7 days and against coronavirus for at least 14 days.
Contraindications
None.
Special warnings for each target species
Vaccinate healthy animals only.
Special precautions for use
Administration in the ischiorectal fossa resulted in local painful chronic granulomatous reactions up to 12 cm in diameter and in abscess formation (up to 1 cm in diameter at post mortem 19 weeks after the first vaccination).
Operator warnings
To the user:
This veterinary medicinal product contains mineral oil. Accidental injection/self-injection may result in severe pain and swelling, particularly if injected into a joint or finger, and in rare cases could result in the loss of the affected finger if prompt medical attention is not given.
If you are accidentally injected with this veterinary medicinal product, seek prompt medical advice even if only a very small amount is injected and take the package leaflet with you.
If pain persists for more than 12 hours after medical examination, seek medical advice again.
To the physician:
This veterinary medicinal product contains mineral oil. Even if small amounts have been injected, accidental injection with this veterinary medicinal product can cause intense swelling, which may, for example, result in ischaemic necrosis and even the loss of a digit. Expert, PROMPT, surgical attention is required and may necessitate early incision and irrigation of the injected area, especially where there is involvement of finger pulp or tendon.
Adverse Reactions
Cattle (pregnant cows and heifers):
Very common (>1 animal / 10 animals treated): | Injection site swelling1, injection site pain2, injection site warmth2, injection site granuloma3 Muscle inflammation4 Injection site abscess5 |
Common 1 to 10 animals / 100 animals treated: | Elevated temperature6. |
Very rare (<1 animal / 10,000 animals treated, including isolated reports): | Hypersensitivity reaction7. |
1 Intramuscular administration: Soft swelling raised up to 1 cm and a diameter of on average 6.5 cm (maximum of 25 cm). Swellings usually resorb within 14 to 21 days but may persist for 125 days.
Subcutaneous administration in the neck: Swelling raised up to 1 cm and ranged from 2x2 to 15x15 cm (LxW). Swellings usually resorb over time but may persist for 125 days.
2 Injection site pain and injection site warmth occur reportedly commonly, when administered intramuscularly.
3 After subcutaneous administration in the ischiorectal fossa.
4 Subcutaneous administration in the ischiorectal fossa resulted in granulomatous haemorrhagic inflammatory reaction in dermal and subdermal tissues with inflammation extending into the underlying muscular tissue.
5 Less than 1 cm in diameter after subcutaneous administration in the ischiorectal fossa.
6 Intramuscular administration: Average increase of 0.4 °C, with a maximum of more than 2.0 °C, returning to normal the day after vaccination.
Subcutaneous administration in the ischiorectal fossa: Average increase of 0.4 °C, with a maximum of more than 2.0 °C, returning to normal in one to two days after vaccination.
7 In such cases, appropriate treatment such as adrenaline should be administered without delay.
Reporting adverse events is important. It allows continuous safety monitoring of a veterinary medicinal product. Reports should be sent, preferably via a veterinarian, to either the marketing authorisation holder or its local representative or the national competent authority via the national reporting system. See the package leaflet for respective contact details.
Use during pregnancy or lactation
Pregnancy:
Can be used during pregnancy.
Interactions
Safety and efficacy data are available which demonstrate that this vaccine can be administered on the same day but not mixed with Bovilis Cryptium. The vaccines should be given at different sites.
The product literature of Bovilis Cryptium should be consulted before administration.
After non-mixed associated use injection site swellings raised up to 1 cm and a diameter of on average 7.6 cm (maximum of 30 cm) can be observed. Swellings usually resorb within 14 to 21 days but may persist for 18 weeks.
No information is available on the safety and efficacy of this vaccine when used with any other veterinary medicinal product except the product mentioned above. A decision to use this vaccine before or after any other veterinary medicinal product therefore needs to be made on a case by case basis.
Amounts to be administered and administration route
Intramuscular or subcutaneous use.
Preferably administer the vaccine in the side of the neck.
Shake well before use. Syringes and needles should be sterilised before use and the injection should be made through an area of clean, dry skin taking precautions against contamination.
Strict precautions should be taken against contamination of the vaccine. The use of a multi-dose syringe is recommended to avoid excessive broaching of the stopper. Once a vial is broached for the first time it may be used once more during the next 28 days and then discarded immediately after that use.
Administration:
Administer a single dose of 2 ml per animal. The recommended site of injection is the side of the neck.
A single injection should be given during each pregnancy between 12 and 3 weeks before calving is expected.
Colostrum feeding:
Protection of calves depends on the physical presence of colostrum antibodies (from vaccinated cows) within the gut for the duration of the first 2 - 3 weeks of life until calves develop their own immunity. Thus, it is essential to ensure adequate colostrum feeding for the whole of this period to maximise the efficacy of vaccination. All calves must receive adequate colostrum from their dams within 6 hours of birth. Suckled calves will continue to receive adequate colostrum naturally by feeding from vaccinated cows.
In the dairy herd colostrum/milk from the first 6 - 8 milkings of vaccinated cows should be pooled. The colostrum may be stored below 20 °C, but should be used as soon as possible as immunoglobulin levels may fall by up to 50% after storage for 28 days. Where possible, storage at 4 °C is recommended. The calves should be fed on this pool at the rate of 2½ to 3½ litres per day (according to body size) for the first two weeks of life.
Optimal results will be obtained if a whole herd cow vaccination policy is adopted. This will ensure that in calves the level of infection and consequent virus excretion is kept to a minimum and consequently the overall level of disease challenge on the farm is minimised.
Overdose
No reactions other than those described in section ‘Adverse reactions’ occurred following the administration of a two-fold overdose.
Withdrawal period
Zero days.